![]() Coon’s discovery of the immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique permitted the identification, by fluorescent labeling of one or two antigens in a tissue. Virchow’s early microscopic studies of specimens, poorly prepared by today’s standards, focused the attention of “naturalists” and physicians on the cell as the basis of tissue structure in living organisms and the source of diseases such as cancer. The development of methods for cell and tissue identification has had a long and colorful history. Each multiplex IHC technique, detailed herein, is associated with several advantages as well as tradeoffs that must be taken into consideration for proper evaluation and use of the methods. Associated signal enhancement technologies that can enhance performance and throughput of multiplex IHC assays are also discussed. Multiplex IHC methods, which permit identification of at least 3 and up to 30 discrete antigens, have been divided into whole section staining and spatially-patterned staining categories. The purpose of this mini-review is to highlight recent multiplexing methods that are candidates for more prevalent use in clinical research and potential translation to the clinic. ![]() These technologies can be valuable for management and examination of rare patient tissue specimens, and for improved accuracy of early disease detection. ![]() Methods to detect immuno-labelled molecules at increasingly higher resolution, even when present at low levels, are revolutionizing immunohistochemistry (IHC). ![]()
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